Whale Mapping

Most of us using GIS today do not get to do much mapping of whales, but back in the mid 19th century the American whaling trade was big business and you needed to know where the whales were.

Check out this innovative map from 1851 showing the distribution of several different species of whales, identifying each with a combination of color and pictorial symbols.  The map shows at that time that the Pacific Ocean was the primary habitat for whales.  The Atlantic Ocean was not because the whale resources there had been terribly depleted.  Check it out!

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Giant 1940 Wooden Model Joined Together Digitally

Found this interesting digital map of San Francisco in the David Rumsey Map Collection.  It was a massive wooden model of San Francisco that has not been on display in one piece since 1942.  The 158 pieces that create a 42×38 foot model of the city were digitally photographed and pieced together to create one big mosaic image.  The model represented the city as it was in 1940.  Check it out!

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Unintended Consequences with Data

Many of us that create GIS data and share with others have no idea of the unintended consequences that the data might produce.  Using data and ignoring the scale, resolution, accuracy, and where it came from might produce very wrong results.

Click below to read this rather long story about how location data married with IP addresses is causing a horror show for a couple in South Africa, and this is not the only case.

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Quantitative Map Literacy

Quantitative map literacy can be seen as a cross between map literacy and quantitative literacy.  Quantitative map literacy includes the concepts and skills required to accurately read, use, interpret, and understand the quantitative information embedded in a geospatial representation of data on a geographic background.

To learn more, check out this interesting journal article about Quantitative Map Literacy.

Avalanche Forecasts Using GIS

SoCal does not experience avalanches very often.  Since 1950, at least 64 people have died in avalanches in California with 9 of those in SoCal, according to this article.

Snow avalanches can cause a significant loss of life. As a naturally occurring disaster they are unique in nature, usually being highly localized events, and often in remote areas. Their victims are often voluntarily at risk for recreation purposes and become the trigger of their own avalanche.

Avalanche forecasting seeks to safeguard recreationists in winter mountain environments using risk based decision making.  Avalanche experts interpret the spatial and temporal distribution of hazards and abstractly present these in the form of a forecast.  Recreationists can then use them for planning excursions into avalanche prone terrain and avoid high risk slopes that pose a hazard.

Check out this article on how Scotland looked at using GIS to make cartographic visualizations of predicted avalanche danger areas.

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The First Weather Map

Sir Francis Galton was the first to identify the anticyclone (as opposed to the cyclone), and introduced the use of charts showing areas of similar air pressure – the modern weather map.  His book Meteorographica was the first systematic attempt to gather, chart and interpret weather data on a continental scale, a fundamental work of modern scientific meteorology.

Galton prepared the first weather map published in the British newspaper The Times (April 1 1875, showing the weather from the previous day, March 31), now a standard feature in newspapers worldwide.  Click below to read more about Sir Francis Galton.

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